17 factors affecting your risk for dementia, stroke and depression

Source: https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/04/health/dementia-depression-stroke-17-risk-factors-wellness/index.html

Summary

A recent study in *The Lancet Neurology* identified 17 modifiable factors affecting the risk of dementia, stroke, and late-life depression. These factors, ranging from education and hearing loss to diet, sleep, and social isolation, span all stages of life. Addressing these risks through lifestyle changes like physical activity, healthy eating, smoking cessation, and cognitive engagement can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing these debilitating conditions, delay their onset, and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. Researchers hope that increased awareness of these factors will empower individuals to take proactive steps toward better brain health.

Full News Report

## 17 Factors Affecting Your Risk for Dementia, Stroke, and Depression: New Research Highlights Preventable Risks **London, UK –** A comprehensive review of global research has identified 17 modifiable **factors affecting** an individual's **risk** for developing **dementia**, **stroke**, and late-life **depression**. Published today in *The Lancet Neurology*, the report emphasizes that a significant proportion of cases of these debilitating conditions could be prevented or delayed by addressing these key lifestyle and health aspects. The findings underscore the power of proactive health management in mitigating the devastating impact of these age-related illnesses. Researchers from the Global Council on Brain Health (GCBH) led the study, analyzing decades of epidemiological data to pinpoint the most influential and actionable **factors** at play. The hope is that increased awareness will empower individuals to take charge of their brain health and reduce their future **risk**. **What are the 17 factors affecting your risk?** The study's core finding lies in its identification of 17 **factors** spanning various stages of life, significantly **affecting** the **risk** of developing **dementia**, **stroke**, and **depression**. These factors are broadly categorized into modifiable lifestyle and health conditions. Here's a breakdown: **1. Education (Early Life):** Lower educational attainment in early life is associated with an increased **risk** of cognitive decline and dementia later in life. Education builds cognitive reserve, making the brain more resilient to age-related changes. **2. Hearing Loss (Midlife):** Untreated hearing loss has been linked to accelerated cognitive decline and increased **risk** for dementia. This is likely due to a combination of reduced social engagement and the brain having to work harder to process auditory information. **3. Hypertension (Midlife):** High blood pressure during midlife is a significant **risk factor** for both **stroke** and dementia. Hypertension damages blood vessels in the brain, impairing blood flow and increasing the **risk** of vascular cognitive impairment. **4. Obesity (Midlife):** Obesity during midlife increases the **risk** of developing **stroke**, dementia, and depression. Obesity is linked to inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities that can negatively impact brain health. **5. Smoking (Any Age):** Smoking is a well-established **risk factor** for cardiovascular disease, including **stroke**, and it also increases the **risk** of dementia. Smoking damages blood vessels and reduces oxygen supply to the brain. **6. Depression (Late Life):** Depression in late life is both a **risk factor** and a symptom of cognitive decline. It can impair cognitive function and increase the **risk** of developing dementia. **7. Physical Inactivity (Any Age):** Lack of physical activity is associated with an increased **risk** of all three conditions: **dementia**, **stroke**, and **depression**. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain, reduces inflammation, and promotes neuroplasticity. **8. Social Isolation (Any Age):** Social isolation and loneliness can negatively impact brain health and increase the **risk** of cognitive decline and **depression**. Social interaction stimulates the brain and provides emotional support. **9. Diabetes (Any Age):** Diabetes, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, increases the **risk** of both **stroke** and dementia. Diabetes damages blood vessels and impairs insulin signaling in the brain. **10. Air Pollution (Any Age):** Exposure to air pollution, particularly particulate matter, has been linked to an increased **risk** of cognitive decline and dementia. Air pollution can cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. **11. Traumatic Brain Injury (Any Age):** Traumatic brain injury (TBI), even mild TBI, can increase the **risk** of developing dementia later in life. TBI can damage brain tissue and disrupt neuronal connections. **12. Excessive Alcohol Consumption (Any Age):** Heavy alcohol consumption can damage the brain and increase the **risk** of cognitive impairment and dementia. **13. Diet (Any Age):** A poor diet, lacking in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, can increase the **risk** of cognitive decline. Diets high in saturated and trans fats, and processed foods, are particularly harmful. **14. Sleep Disorders (Any Age):** Sleep apnea and other sleep disorders can disrupt brain function and increase the **risk** of cognitive decline and dementia. **15. Chronic Stress (Any Age):** Prolonged exposure to chronic stress can damage the brain and increase the **risk** of cognitive impairment and **depression**. **16. Gum Disease (Any Age):** Emerging research suggests a link between gum disease (periodontitis) and an increased **risk** of dementia. Inflammation caused by gum disease may contribute to brain inflammation. **17. Cognitive Inactivity (Any Age):** Lack of intellectual stimulation can contribute to cognitive decline. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities can help maintain cognitive function. **Who is affected and Why is this important?** These findings are relevant to everyone, regardless of age or background. While age is an undeniable **risk factor**, these 17 modifiable **factors** highlight the proactive steps individuals can take to minimize their vulnerabilities. **Dementia** currently affects over 55 million people worldwide, and this number is projected to triple by 2050. **Stroke** is a leading cause of disability and death globally. And **depression** is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, particularly among older adults. Understanding these modifiable **factors** is crucial for several reasons: * **Prevention:** By addressing these risk factors, individuals can significantly reduce their likelihood of developing these debilitating conditions. * **Delayed Onset:** Even if prevention is not entirely possible, managing these factors can delay the onset of symptoms, improving quality of life and extending healthy lifespan. * **Reduced Burden on Healthcare Systems:** By preventing or delaying these conditions, healthcare systems can reduce the strain on resources and improve patient outcomes. **How can you reduce your risk?** The good news is that many of these **factors** are within your control. Here are some actionable steps you can take: * **Stay Active:** Engage in regular physical exercise, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. * **Eat a Healthy Diet:** Follow a Mediterranean-style diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. * **Quit Smoking:** Smoking cessation is one of the most impactful steps you can take for your overall health. * **Manage Blood Pressure and Cholesterol:** Work with your doctor to manage hypertension and high cholesterol. * **Control Blood Sugar:** If you have diabetes, diligently manage your blood sugar levels. * **Engage Your Brain:** Participate in mentally stimulating activities, such as puzzles, reading, or learning new skills. * **Stay Socially Connected:** Maintain strong social connections and avoid social isolation. * **Get Enough Sleep:** Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night. * **Address Hearing Loss:** Get your hearing checked regularly and use hearing aids if needed. * **Manage Stress:** Practice stress-reduction techniques, such as mindfulness or yoga. * **Treat Depression:** Seek professional help if you are experiencing symptoms of depression. * **Protect Your Head:** Wear a helmet when participating in activities that could lead to head injuries. * **Limit Alcohol Consumption:** Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. * **Practice Good Oral Hygiene:** Brush and floss your teeth regularly to prevent gum disease. * **Address Air Pollution Exposure:** Minimize exposure to air pollution by staying indoors during peak pollution times and using air purifiers. * **Stay Cognitively Active:** Actively seek out opportunities to learn and engage in intellectually stimulating activities throughout life. **The Future of Brain Health** This research provides a powerful roadmap for improving brain health and reducing the devastating impact of **dementia**, **stroke**, and **depression**. By understanding and addressing these 17 **factors affecting** the **risk** of these conditions, individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers can work together to create a future where brain health is prioritized and protected. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between these risk factors and to develop targeted interventions that can effectively prevent or delay the onset of these diseases. The focus now shifts towards translating this knowledge into actionable strategies that empower individuals to take control of their brain health and live longer, healthier lives.